Welding is a process for
joining two similar or dissimilar metals by fusion. It joins different
metals/alloys, with or without the application of pressure and with or without
the use of filler metal. The fusion of metal takes place by means of heat. The heat
may be generated either from combustion of gases, electric arc, electric
resistance or by chemical reaction.
Welding provides a permanent
joint but it normally affects the metallurgy of the components. It is therefore
usually accompanied by post weld heat treatment for most of the critical
components. The welding is widely used as a fabrication and repairing process
in industries. Some of the typical applications of welding include the
fabrication of ships, pressure vessels, automobile bodies, off-shore platform,
bridges, welded pipes, sealing of nuclear fuel and explosives, etc.
Most of the metals and
alloys can be welded by one type of welding process or the other. However, some
are easier to weld than others. To compare this ease in welding term ‘weldability’
is often used. The weldability may be defined as property of a metal which
indicates the ease with which it can be welded with other similar or dissimilar
metals.
Elements of welding process
used with common welding joints such as base metal, fusion zone, weld face,
root face, root opening toe and root are.
Edge preparations
For welding the edges of
joining surfaces of metals are prepared first. Different edge preparations may
be used for welding butt joints.
Welding joints
Some
common welding joints are shown in Figure. Welding joints are of generally of
two major kinds namely lap joint and butt joint.
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